What is the minimum end bearing expressed in inches for joists and rafters?

• A. 1.0 in
• B. 1.5 in
• C. 2.0 in
• D. 2.5 in

Answer: (B)

End bearing is the length of the joist or rafter that sits on the supporting member. Having at least 1-1/2 inches of bearing ensures the load from the end of the member is spread over a sufficient area to transfer safely into the support. This extra contact length helps prevent crushing of the end, reduces bearing stress on the support, and gives enough room for proper seating and fasteners. If the bearing were smaller, the concentrated pressure at the contact point could cause the joist end or the support to fail, or lead to settlement and uneven floors. For typical residential wood framing, 1-1/2 inches is the standard minimum bearing on walls or beams, making it the correct requirement.